Most mined oil sands deposits are located within 50 meters from the surface. The strip ratio (SR) is the simplest measure of mining efficiency. Defined as the weight of overburden (or waste ore) divided by the weight of oil sands ore, a strip ratio of 2 is considered high but feasible if the ore grade is high enough.
The second metric is applicable to shallower deposits that are being evaluated for surface rather than underground mining, and it is known as the stripping ratio. Let's start with stripping ratios, and let's use a shallow coal seam for our example. Stripping Ratios. The coal seam will be underneath layers of soil and rock.
In surface mining, the stripping ratio is calculated to determine the amount of overburden that must be moved to extract a unit of ore. Accurate calculation of this ratio is critical for …
A well-organized fleet management in surface mining is required in order to maximize truck per shovel Match Factors. The most common materials handling in surface mining is by truck and shovel comb...
SURFACE MINE DESIGN Izhar Mithal Jiskani This course describes the techniques involved in the exploitation of a geological deposit by surface mining.
It is defined as: the maximum admitted ratio, which is determined according to mine economic factors, as well as to the gains obtained from surface mining as given …
Mining Methods-Part II: Surface Mining-Planning and Design of Open Pit Mining. March 2010; DOI: ... Rock strength; Pit Depth; Pit diameter; Water Damage; Strip Ratio (SR); Open-pit mining sequence ...
Surface costs are dependent on stripping ratios. UG = Underground cost of mining per ton of ore OP = Open pit cost of mining per ton of ore SC = open pit stripping cost per ton of waste SR = Break-even stripping ratio, surface vs. underground (tons waste/ton ore) Equate the underground mining costs per ton of ore to the total surface mining ...
With the study of the influence on economic stripping ratio from stripping, mining and dumping procedure in multi-flat coal seams surface mine, the authors proposed an optimization method of deep ...
Introduction. Open pit mining is defined as the method of extracting any near surface ore deposit using one or more horizontal benches to extract the ore while dumping overburden and tailings …
Production stripping ratio varies with the extending of mining projects. For flatly dipping or nearly horizontal layered ore body, when the ground surface is relatively flat, the production
In order for mining to be economically feasible, the ratio of waste material (or overburden) to oil sands ore must be relatively low. As the oil sands deposit gets deeper below grade, more and more …
The compression ratios, and their relative values for a given recipe, can inform the best strategy for dealing with a particular item. ... Stone patches will deplete about 20% faster due to higher mining speed. This number is not affected by mining productivity. Landfill a Lake. A big lake is in your way! What will it take to pave it with landfill?
This document provides an outline for a lecture presentation on open pit mining methods and planning. It discusses key parameters such as bench height and geometry, cutoff grade calculation, and factors affecting open pit stability.
Coal mining - Underground, Surface, & Drilling: The various methods of mining a coal seam can be classified under two headings, surface mining and underground mining. Surface and underground coal mining are broad activities that incorporate numerous variations in equipment and methods, and the choice of which …
A major factor in the decision to operate by means of underground mining rather than surface mining is the strip ratio or the number of units of waste material in a surface mine that must be removed in order to extract one unit of ore. Once this ratio becomes large, surface mining is no longer attractive.
Compared to the pre-period of low surface mining from 1977 to 1989, for the primary analysis posttest period of 1999-2011, there was an estimated relative increase in low birth weight in surface mining counties compared to matched control counties that was not statistically significant (odds ratio for a 5 percentage point increase in area ...
It is important that the strategic mine plan makes optimum use of available resources and provides continuous quality ore to drive sustainable mining and profitability. This requires the development of a …
Calculating Stripping Ratios for Area Strip Mines ... a mixed integer programming formulation dealing with the effective minimisation of risk incurred when optimizing mining production rates in such a way that production targets are met in the presence of geological uncertainty. ... Shallow ore deposits are mined by surface methods but a depth ...
6.3.1: Bench Blasting. Here is a sketch of a bench, showing a few boreholes, and the design variables. This bench could be in an underground or surface mine.
During the mining process, a large amount of soil and rock needs to be stripped to expose the ore body. The ratio of stripping volume to mining volume is called …
On the one side, the operational expenses of mining enterprises are showing an upward trend; and on the other side, conventional mining fleet management systems (FMSs) are falling short in addressing the high-dimensionality, stochasticity, and autonomy needed in increasingly complex operations. These major drivers for change …
Mining Methods 4 x Highwall mining x Continuous highwall mining, and x Auger mining. This chapter will only focus on surface mining operations in the Australian coal industry.
The most common types of surface mining are open-pit mining, quarrying, strip mining, contour (strip) mining, and mountaintop removal mining, each with specific variations depending on the ...
Surface mining is the main mining method in the mining industry. During the mining process, a large amount of soil and rock needs to be stripped to expose the ore body. The ratio of stripping volume to mining volume is called stripping ratio, which is an important indicator to measure the economic benefits of surface mining (unit: m 3 /m 3, …
In order to determine the optimal ratio of mixed aggregate, Gao et al. optimized the mixed filler ratio based on response surface theory and established the filler strength model . Yang et al. optimized the mixed filler ratio of all-tailed sand-bar-ground sand to overcome the shortage of filler material in the Jinchuan mine .
Determining the strata and surface movement of deep mining can provide a scientific basis for wellbore protection and mine land utilization. In this paper, numerical simulation methods were employed to investigate the stratum and surface movement boundary curves of deep caving and backfilling mining. The findings can be concluded …
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) established the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) by "provide[ing] for the cooperation between the Secretary of the Interior and the States with respect to the regulation of surface coal mining operations, and the acquisition and reclamation of …
knowledge and practice in highwall mining (HWM). HWM has become a widely-applied method in surface mining, commonly used alone or in conjunction with contour or slot mining. It provides 800-feet to 1,200-feet of additional recovery when the economic stripping ratio is reached in contour mining or in slot mining when surface
Minerals extracted in surface mining are used in various industries and accordingly all mineral deposits can be divided into coal deposits, ore deposits, deposits of building construction rock, deposits of minerals for cement manufacture, deposits of minerals for chemical processing.